推荐一个JavaScript的变种脚本语言CoffeeScript

首先,为什么会有CoffeeScript这种东西,原因特别简单,为了弥补JavaScript的不足。它的运行原理特别简单,按照它的语法编写程序,在丢到浏览器运行之前需要使用它的编译器编译成JavaScript代码。理论上,也属于编译语言,只不过传统上我们认识的编译语言都是编译成二进制

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使用之前需要安装

npm install coffeescript

如果你没有使用npm管理器,可以直接到Github主页下载源码Build一下就好

当你写好了CoffeeScript代码,只需要简单一句话即可编译

coffee -c /path/to/script.coffee

CoffeeScript的语法特别简洁,没有分号结束,对象的定义以及函数的调用都简单到爆

# Assignment:
number   = 42
opposite = true

# Conditions:
number = -42 if opposite

# Functions:
square = (x) -> x * x

# Arrays:
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Objects:
math =
  root:   Math.sqrt
  square: square
  cube:   (x) -> x * square x

# Splats:
race = (winner, runners...) ->
  print winner, runners

# Existence:
alert "I knew it!" if elvis?

# Array comprehensions:
cubes = (math.cube num for num in list)

编译结果

// Assignment:
var cubes, list, math, num, number, opposite, race, square;

number = 42;

opposite = true;

if (opposite) {
  // Conditions:
  number = -42;
}

// Functions:
square = function(x) {
  return x * x;
};

// Arrays:
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

// Objects:
math = {
  root: Math.sqrt,
  square: square,
  cube: function(x) {
    return x * square(x);
  }
};

// Splats:
race = function(winner, ...runners) {
  return print(winner, runners);
};

if (typeof elvis !== "undefined" && elvis !== null) {
  // Existence:
  alert("I knew it!");
}

// Array comprehensions:
cubes = (function() {
  var i, len, results;
  results = [];
  for (i = 0, len = list.length; i < len; i++) {
    num = list[i];
    results.push(math.cube(num));
  }
  return results;
})();

目前唯一的问题是不好Debug,如果它的生态圈足够强大,未来这一个问题解决之后会更好

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TITLE: 推荐一个JavaScript的变种脚本语言CoffeeScript

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