使用过git的应该对id_rsa秘钥不陌生，总得用Github吧，生成id_rsa很容易
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "$your_email"
默认情况下，这个秘钥是在账户目录的.ssh目录生成id_rsa文件，对应一个id_rsa.pub公钥文件，实际上这就是ssh协议使用的东西，Git可以使用ssh或者https协议，通常情况下使用ssh协议比较安全。在使用ssh密钥校验模式前，通常先在客户端生成一个密钥对，密钥对可以使用已支持的几种加密算法，但通常rsa算法最常使用
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "test@test.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
5b:44:7e:b8:e5:20:3b:a8:2b:63:45:c0:f8:73:87:f3 test@test.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| o . |
|. o o . |
| . . . . = o |
| o = .. + * |
| + +. S o . |
| ..E + |
| .. . |
| + . |
| . o. |
+-----------------+
秘钥是跟Email地址绑定的，上面生成的秘钥是秘钥是以test@test.com生成的，所以你可以在任何用以test@test.com地址认证的地方使用id_rsa.pub公钥校验你的私钥，因为系统默认在校验的时候就会读取.ssh/id_rsa这个秘钥文件。
这在使用单一秘钥的用户来说，是没有任何问题，然而你可能还有别的邮箱账户，需要生成两份秘钥，于是你在生成的时候呢就要注意重名，别把已存在的id_rsa给覆盖了。
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "test2@domain.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa): /c/Users/zhong
/.ssh/id_rsa_gitlab
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa_gitlab.
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa_gitlab.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
5b:44:7e:b8:e5:20:3b:a8:2b:63:45:c0:f8:73:87:f3 test2@domain.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| o . |
|. o o . |
| . . . . = o |
| o = .. + * |
| + +. S o . |
| ..E + |
| .. . |
| + . |
| . o. |
+-----------------+
在Enter file inwhich to save the key提示这个地方敲入生成私钥的名称，因为是要保留默认的私钥，所以你需要另外取一个名称，如果你敲入的秘钥名称已经存在，那么会提示你同名的秘钥文件已经存在，是否要覆写
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "test@test.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa):
/c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)?
以上我生成了两份秘钥，分别是默认的id_rsa与id_rsa_gitlab，所以.ssh目录下应该有这些文件:
zhong@LEE ~
$ ls .ssh
id_rsa id_rsa.pub id_rsa_gitlab id_rsa_gitlab.pub known_hosts
对应pub结尾的都是公钥，接下来，就是要配置一下ssh让系统可以找到id_rsa_gitlab这个公钥，按照Google的结果，只需要执行ssh-add 秘钥路径即可
$ ssh-add /c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa_gitlab
Could not open a connection to your authentication agent.
而我在执行命令时提示
Could not open a connection to your authentication agent.
也许这是很多人遇到的问题，所以相应的都提示如果出现这个错误就先执行以下ssh-agent bash然后在执行ssh-add命令就可以了
$ ssh-agent bash
bash-3.1$ ssh-add /c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa_gitlab
Could not open a connection to your authentication agent.
结果显示，我即使先执行了ssh-agent bash还是不能解决问题，搜罗一大圈也没发现可解决的方案。这一步是一定要配置的，否则即使你把公钥贴到git主机并且尝试连接id_rsa_gitlab这个账户的主机的时候，因为它默认会找到id_rsa这个秘钥做校验，结果肯定是校验不过，于是就会有以输入密码提示
$ ssh -T git@192.168.1.2
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2)' can't be established
RSA key fingerprint is d9:8c:82:18:e7:86:3f:7d:ee:01:9d:bb:7d:40:86:5e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
git@192.168.1.2's password:
而默认的id_rsa账户校验仍然是没有问题的
$ ssh -T git@github.com
Hi lizhong! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide s
hell access.
在找半天发现不能解决ssh-add命令问题后无意中看到了config配置，于是我就跳过ssh-add直接在.ssh下新建config文件：
Host github.com
HostName github.com
User git
IdentityFile /c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa
Host 192.168.1.2
HostName 192.168.1.2
User git
IdentityFile /c/Users/zhong/.ssh/id_rsa_gitlab
清空known_hosts文件再测试，都正常了
zhong@LEE ~
$ ssh -T git@github.com
The authenticity of host 'github.com (192.30.252.130)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,192.30.252.130' (RSA) to the list of know
n hosts.
Hi lizhong8532! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide s
hell access.
zhong@LEE ~
$ ssh -T git@192.168.1.2
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is d9:8c:82:18:e7:86:3f:7d:ee:01:9d:bb:7d:40:86:5e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Welcome to GitLab, lizhong!
如果配置不好，还提示输密码的童鞋可以这样测试
ssh -vv "your githost"
就能看见整个debug过程，重点是看看有没有读到相应的config文件并匹配到host然后读取host配置下的对应的私钥，一般如果私钥配对成功那基本都没有问题。
